In the heart of Modena, stands the Ducal Palace, an architectural complex whose origins date back to the late 13th century. Later, it took the place of Ferrara and became the centre of the Este court, playing a fundamental role as capital of the Duchy of Modena and Reggio for about two hundred years. Francesco I d'Este, with the support of illustrious architects such as Girolamo Rainaldi, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Francesco Borromini and Pietro da Cortona, transformed the palace into a sumptuous residence, destined to compete with the great European courts. The façade of the Ducal Palace shines with its precious marbles and the Este eagles decorating the entrance. The Scalone d'onore (Staircase of Honour), adorned with niches and statues, leads to the historic rooms on the upper floor, among which the Gran Sala (Great Hall) stands out, bearing witness to the grandeur and prestige of the d'Este family. The palace overlooks Piazza Roma, a spacious rectangular square, on the right side of which stands the Monument to Ciro Menotti. Two other places worth mentioning appear in the square; the Palazzo dell'Intendenza Camerale, with its elegant portico and tympanum, and in a hidden corner the Fonte d'Abisso. This is a small fountain from which flows the purest water from a natural underground spring.